Description
Poster session 1, Monday 16:00-19:00
Avalanche Energy is developing deuterium ion beams for the Orbitron fusion concept. To successfully deliver high currents to the reactor, both focusing and steering are necessary. Many concepts proposed to solve this problem rely on separated focusing and steering sections. However, doing so inherently extends the beamline and may enhance beam losses. Combining the two into a single piece,...
The beam emittance of extracted ions from ion sources is an important parameter relating to the beam quality of high energy accelerators such as the Radioactive Isotope beam Factory (RIBF) in RIKEN. In order to improve the output beam intensity and transmission efficiency to be well within the acceptance range of low-energy beam transport systems, it is important to maintain a low beam...
A compact surface ion source was designed and commissioned for commissioning the low energy beam facilities of ARIEL facility at TRIUMF. The ion source was based on the principle of surface ionization, in which ions are generated from a neutral atom by impact with a solid surface. The design of the ion source considered several factors, including the type of ion beams, beam intensity, the beam...
Avalanche Energy is developing deuterium ion beams for the Orbitron fusion concept. To understand the fusion output of the reactor, knowledge of the ion beam species and energy composition is paramount. We have successfully implemented a Thomson Parabola to determine the relative composition and energy spread of multiple species in the beam. To distinguish species within a wide range of masses...
An innovative plasma chamber for Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources has been developed at INFN and will soon be installed and tested with the AISHa (Advanced Ion Source for Hadrontherapy) ion source. It consists in inserting a particular liner into the existing chamber, which allows an electrical segmentation of the internal walls of the chamber. The purpose of this system is to reduce...
Responding to a request by the user community for higher beam intensities, an upgrade of the Argonne National Laboratory ECR2 ion source is in progress. The upgrade has three main constraints: 1) The overall source architecture as defined by the solenoid coils cannot change, 2) radial access to the plasma chamber has to be maintained, and 3) the amount of time the source can be shut down for...
The U.S. Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a state-of-the-art neutron scattering facility delivering the world’s most intense pulsed neutron beams to a wide array of instruments which are used to conduct investigations in many fields of science and engineering. Neutrons are produced by spallation reactions within a liquid Hg target bombarded by protons from a storage ring that is supplied by...
For this work, a cold cathode ion source with a Langmuir electric probe was constructed to produce an ion beam that could be successfully applied to a variety of applications. A steady discharge plasma media was produced by adjusting its operation conditions, such as the discharge voltages, electrode gap, as well as gas pressure. Additionally, the I-V plasma graph is recorded by inserting an...
A penning ion source with a filament has been developed for a compact ion microbeam system to form submicron ion beam. A duoplasmatron-type ion source has, so far, been used for the system. However, the duoplasmatorn-type ion source is large power consumption as well as a large size. It is an obstacle to reduce the size of the system. As an ion source to overcome the demerits, a penning gauge...
The cold cathode type PIG ion sources were often employed for compact cyclotrons with high magnetic field as internal source. The ion sources are preferable to conduct maintenance easily without vacuum break of cyclotrons to avoid long downtime. In this study, cold cathode PIG H+ ion source was developed with extraction mechanism along to main magnetic field direction for the spiral sector AVF...
Under operational conditions, high-voltage breakdown continues to occur inside the electron beam ion source (EBIS) at CANREB (the CANadian Rare isotope laboratory with Electron Beam ion source). Discharge tracks along components inside the high-vacuum together with data acquired during use of the system have isolated the most serious discharges to the collector trumpet (CT) region for a...
In 2008, a SuperNanogan ECR ion source from PANTECHNIK was introduced in addition to an in-house developed microwave ion source and a surface ion source to complement the TRIUMF offline ion source facility to provide highly charged ions to ISAC experiments. Originally, it employed a 400 W Travelling Wave Tube Amplifier (TWTA) for RF heating, but less than 50 W was enough to produce all the...
The work function of plasma electrodes (PE) in negative hydrogen ion sources plays an important role to increase the H-/D- yields, and cesium (Cs) are currently used to control the work function. It has been known that a half monolayer (or less) Cs coverage shows the minimum work function, but it can be decreased more when the surface is immersed in a hydrogen plasma (Wada et al., 1990, and...
Recently, it has been observed in RF H- sources that the beam optics, for example, the beam divergence angle oscillates periodically[1]. Therefore, it is important to understand the effect of time-oscillation on the plasma meniscus in the downstream extraction region close to the extraction hole under the existence of a large amount of negative ions.
As a first step for understanding...
Recent superheavy element production research has involved the bombardment of heavy-element foils by high currents of neutron-rich ion beams having atomic numbers near 20 and energies near 5 MeV/nucleon. Production rates scale with incident current, and the 88-Inch Cyclotron at LBNL has demonstrated the ability to deliver over 2 pµA for some of these beams largely because of its injector: the...
Kei3 is a prototype of compact ECR ion source developed for various ion production at QST-NIRS. It has confirmed that Kei3 has an ability to produce highly charged heavy ion, for example, carbon, neon and argon, but the beam current was not high enough. To improve this situation, we optimized microwave frequency and injection position in the plasma chamber.
Microwave has a large effect to...
In this study, we conducted experimental study on a hot-cathode, multi-cusp electron source as charge neutralizer device for ion implanters. This device is divided into a plasma source area using a hot-cathode and magnetic multi-cusp, and a transport area that transports extracted electrons through an axial magnetic field by the electromagnet. We utilized a biased mesh to measure the quantity...
Laser ion sources are expected to be used in various applications of heavy ion beam technology. The plasma direct injection scheme (DPIS) is a method used to accelerate high-current ion beams extracted from a laser ion source, which are then injected into a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linear accelerator. In this study, a new injection method was demonstrated that avoids the RF field of...
An internal antenna type RF driven negative hydrogen (H$^-$) ion source supplies beams to the J-PARC accelerator facility. The H$^-$ ion beam current exhibits high stability, while it fluctuates with less than 5% amplitude of the DC current when a Faraday cup measures the current extracted from the source mounted on a test stand. Two frequencies are identified as the main oscillation...
The CUBE-ECRIS is a recently commissioned permanent magnet electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source developed at the university of Jyväskylä accelerator laboratory. The special features of the new ion source design include an unconventional quadrupole minimum-B magnetic field structure and a slit beam extraction system necessitated by the line-shaped plasma loss fluxes. The 10 GHz...
The 400 kV ion implanter in Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application (TIARA) is mainly used for research and developments in the field of material science, and it is necessary to produce beams of various ion species. Therefore, we are developing a laser ion source for an ion implanter on an offline test bench to produce beams of various ion species and to switch quickly...
The baseline RF-driven H- ion source configuration at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) facility uses a continuous wave (CW) 600 W 13.56 MHz RF system to ignite and maintain a low-intensity plasma inside the ion source vacuum chamber. After the continuous low-intensity 13.56 MHz plasma has been established, a pulsed (typical 1 ms pulse width and 60 Hz pulse repetition rate) 80 kW 2 MHz RF...
The ISOL (Isotope Separation On-Line) method has been widely used for the production of radioactive ion beams for nuclear physics research. The development of isotope extraction via molecular sidebands has gained significant interest in recent years [1,2,3] because of their potential to provide access to less volatile elements that are otherwise not possible to extract out of the target. In...
We have developed method of in situ effective pumping speed measurements based on injecting of small amount of gas into a volume of a vacuum chamber and subsequent recording of pressure burst decay time dynamics using Residual Gas Analyzer (RGA). Within the certain range, the pressure burst caused by injected gas will drop exponentially in time and exponential coefficient of such pressure...
Ion beams are employed in various fields such as semiconductor manufacturing, surface modification, and material science. The uniformity of ion beams is crucial in many applications, but conventional ion sources that use a single filament often limit the uniformity and intensity of the ion beam. This paper presents a study that aims to optimize a multi-filament ion source to enhance the...
Cyclotron Institute at Texas A&M University started a project to develop the reacceleration of radioactive ions using the two operational cyclotrons and a Charge Breeding ECR ion source. The radioactive ions are produced primarily via (p,n) reactions using the well-known IGISOL technique. The reaction products are transported into a Charge Breeder ECR ion source where their charge state is...
Recently, the Research and development Negative Ion Source (RNIS) at National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS) changed operation gas from hydrogen to deuterium. It is reported that the electron density differs by around three times with the operation gas [1]. The physical mechanism of the significant increase of the electron density is still not clear.
In the previous studies [2], a...
Highly Charged Ions (HCIs) enable increased precision when measuring the masses of short-lived radioactive ions. The TRIUMF's Ion Trap for Atomic and Nuclear Science (TITAN) facility receives radioactive, singly charged ions (SCIs) from the ISAC facility before charge-breeding them to HCIs. Specifically, the TITAN Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) generates the higher charge states, while the...
The paper presents measurements on the production of ruthenium ion beams from high isotope purity using MIVOC method. The measurement was carried out at iThemba LABS using one of the two ECR ion source which is the copy of the Grenoble Test Source (GTS). Due to many existing isotopes with similar abundances of Ruthenium (96Ru abundance 5.5%, 98Ru abundance 1.9%, 99Ru abundance 12.7%, 100Ru...
Negative ion beams are used for a wide range of applications when tandem accelerators are leveraged. Research areas which utilize tandems include nuclear structure, environmental studies, and materials characterization. Tandem accelerators are also used for industrial applications such as ion implantation in semiconductor devices, as well as for medical applications such as Boron Neutron...
The LION2 is being constructed to replace the existing LION, which is a laser ablation ion source to provide various species of heavy ions for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at BNL. LION and LION2 provide singly charged heavy ions, which are transported and then trapped by an electron beam ion source, so called Extended-EBIS, for further...
The CANadian Rare isotope facility with Electron-Beam ion source (CANREB) at TRIUMF is set to deliver rare isotope beams in high charge states. In the Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) ions are charge-bred by collisions with an electron beam of up to 500 mA. A strong magnetic field (up to 6T) maximizes the overlap between ions and electron beam and increases the breeding efficiency. Ion...
To investigate the coupling efficiency between microwave with frequency above 20 GHz and plasma in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source, a movable Vlasov launcher has been developed at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP). The beam intensity and axial bremsstrahlung were simultaneously measured with SECRAL-II (Superconducting ECR ion source with Advanced design in Lanzhou No. II) ion...
Highly charged ions (HCIs) are currently utilized in numerous fundamental and applied sciences, including astrophysics, dark matter search, optical clocks, semiconductor lithography, and quantum dot fabrication, to name just a few examples. At UNIST, a tabletop electron beam ion trap (EBIT) has been developed for creating and studying HCIs. The UNIST-EBIT compresses the electron beam by 72...
Temporal oscillation of the negative hydrogen ion ($\text{H}^-$) beam phase space in Radio Frequency (RF) ion source is a serious problem which causes increase in the beam divergence angle in the fusion application or unexpected beam loss due to Twiss mismatch in the accelerator application. Physical mechanism of the oscillation is investigated by a simple 3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) model. The...
The CANadian Rare isotope facility with Electron Beam ion source (CANREB) is part of the new Advanced Rare IsotopE Laboratory (ARIEL) at TRIUMF. CANREB can accept stable or rare isotope beams from a variety of ion sources. The injected beams are pulsed using a radiofrequency quadrupole cooler/buncher, and energy adjusted using a pulsed drift tube for injection into an electron beam ion source...
The Reaccelerator (ReA) of the Facility for Rare-Isotope Beams (FRIB) employs an Electron-Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) as a charge breeder to reaccelerate rare-isotope beams to several MeV/u. The ReA EBIT uses a Pierce-type electron gun with its cathode partially immersed in the fringe field of a 4-T superconducting solenoid. A barium-impregnated tungsten dispenser cathode is used to produce an...
In this study, we address the the effects of low energy hydrogen ion beam irradiation on the optical characteristics of polymeric nanocomposite films for used in optoelectronics devices. The composite films are irradiated using broad beam cold cathode ion source with hydrogen ion energy ranging from 1 to 6 keV. The techniques of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, as well...
In Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, carbon ion therapy has been performed since 2010. The carbon ion (C4+) for the injector is made with KeiGM ion source. There is another KeiGM ion source in Gunma University for the both the purpose of a reserve machine and for research and development. A wire-slit type emittance monitor has already been installed as a beam diagnostic...
The TRIUMF licensed H$^{-}$ ion source is known to produce 15 mA of H$^{-}$ ions, but some applications, such as those using higher energy research cyclotrons, require the injection of both positive and negative ions. Furthermore, when using a tandem accelerator, there would be a benefit in using an ion source that can directly extract H$^{-}$ and He$^{+}$. In this case, a charge exchange...
A miniaturized 2.45GHz microwave ion source (MIS) with plasma chamber of 30 mm x 40 mm and has the ability to produce more than 20 mA CW hydrogen ion beam with 180 W microwave power has been built at Peking University(PKU)[1]. To understand the plasma evolution mechanism of MIS, a hybrid discharge heating (HDH) mode that contains a surface wave plasma (SWP) ignition discharge process and an...
The Resonance Ionization Laser Ion Source RILIS, employing laser radiation in a hot cavity ion source diretly coupled to an isotope production target, has become a principal method for provision of radioactive ion beams at facilities world-wide, such as at CERN-ISOLDE or -MEDICIS. Stepwise resonant excitation and subsequent detachment of an electron via element-unique atomic shell transitions...
SPES is a 2°-generation ISOL facility in the last stage of construction in INFN-LNL, Italy. One of the many developmental activities carried out inside SPES project is a thermally optimized ion source (IS). The SPES surface ion source (made of Ta) was successfully tested in 2017 [1].
In the beginning of 2023, the same SPES-IS has been used to test its performance as a resonance ionization...
RAON(Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments) is a heavy ion accelerator that is being built in Daejeon, South Korea. RAON plans to operate a 28 GHz ECRIS(Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source) with fully superconducting magnet and a 14.5 GHz ECR ion source with fully permanent magnet. The 14.5 GHz ECRIS was manufactured by PANTECHNIK and installed in our beam line in...
In a laser ion source (LIS), a target material in a vacuum chamber absorbs focused laser energy to produce a dense plasma, from which the beam is extracted. The LIS can generate plasma from a variety of solid targets, and the ion species can be easily changed by replacing or mounting multiple target samples. Based on this feature, we are developing a LIS for ion implanters requiring a wide...
In mass spectrometry of exotic ion beams a cold ion beam is required, to achieve a mass resolution goal of 1:20000, which is a typical requirement for nuclear physics studies of isobaric ions. In the radiofrequency (rf) quadrupole cooler (RFQC), which is a kind of linear ion trap, rf fields and ion-gas collisions may give considerable increase or decrease of the beam transverse emittance and...
We have been researching about efficient generation of multiply-charged Ar ion on electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS). Confining the plasma magnetically, ECRIS is one of the major ion sources on accelerators because it is possible to generate plasma efficiently by introducing microwaves. On conventional ECRIS, microwaves are introduced from upstream side of the mirror field at the...
