CaNPAN Jam 2024
Auditorium
TRIUMF
Annual General Meeting of the Canadian Nuclear Physics for Astrophysics Network (CaNPAN, https://canpan.ca) with a Multi-Messenger Day Workshop.
Location: TRIUMF Auditorium
Zoom link (with waiting room, for all 3 days): https://uvic.zoom.us/j/89929899472?pwd=ZTllMXpUeWsvMThnNEVwNUFGTFhpQT09
Meeting ID: 899 2989 9472
Password: 330614
Day 1 - Wednesday May 1st (for registered participants and guests only)
Student Day - run by and for CaNPAN and associated students, with students showcasing their research, panel discussions with CaNPAN senior members on topics such as career progression and more.
Day 2 - Thursday May 2nd (Open to the lab)
Nuclear Physics Experiments Day - featuring an overview of ISAC and experimental facility themed talks showcasing data and science results from CaNPAN members. Also featuring a tour of TRIUMF, and a special Colloquium by CaNPAN's own Pavel Denissenkov open to the lab.
Day 3 - Friday May 3rd (Open to the lab)
Multimessenger Astrophysics Day - featuring talks by CaNPAN associated nuclear astrophysics theorists as well as guest speakers from CITA.
TRIUMF Code of Conduct
If you believe you have been subject to or have witnessed behaviour that violates this code of conduct, please report it immediately to the one of the organizers (Liliana Caballero, Stephanie Ciccone, Pavel Denissenkov, Iris Dillmann, Falk Herwig, Mallory Loria, Chris Ruiz, or Nicole Vassh).
All complaints will be treated with the utmost seriousness and discretion.
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Morning: Student DayConveners: Mallory Loria (University of Victoria/TRIUMF), Stephanie Ciccone (University of Guelph)
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09:00
Introduction & Opening Remarks 20mSpeakers: Mallory Loria (University of Victoria/TRIUMF), Stephanie Ciccone (University of Guelph)
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09:20
Introduction to CaNPAN: Goals, Activities, Accomplishments and Future Plans 40m
The Canadian Nuclear Physics for Astrophysics Network is bringing together the multiple disciplines needed to investigate the origin of the elements. The emphasis is on nuclear physics experiments and theory for astrophysics applications. For example, CaNPAN tries to investigate, as new astrophysics scenarios are developed in response to astronomical observations, what is the impact of nuclear physics data uncertainty, and which reactions are most important to measure experimentally. In this presentation, geared toward the student audience on Day 1 of the CaNPAN meeting, key examples of where and how nuclear physics and astrophysics are integrating, what the CaNPAN approach is, what the different astrophysical modelling approaches in CaNPAN are, and where how CaNPAN can help our community address the great challenges in nuclear astrophysics in the future.
Speaker: Falk Herwig (University of Victoria) -
10:00
Amanda Edwin: Direct Measurement of Resonance Properties of 23Mg(p,γ)24Al Reaction Occurring in Classical Novae using DRAGON Recoil Separator and an Optimized Array of BGO, LaBr and CeBr Gamma Ray Detectors 20m
One of the reactions that has an observable effect on classical nova nucleosynthesis is the proton capture on radioactive 23Mg, resulting in 24Al plus a γ. The 23Mg(p, γ)24Al has been investigated through a variety of experimental and theoretical means in the past. These investigations include a direct measurement of the strength and energy of the dominant resonance in this reaction, using a radioactive 23Mg beam at the DRAGON facility at TRIUMF in 2010. Although this measurement effectively detected the 24Al recoils in coincidence with γ rays, the beam energy was slightly too low. Hence it is possible that beam might have reached the resonance energy in non-equilibrium region of the target, invalidating the results. This was evident in 2015, when a high-resolution mass measurement of 24Al suggested a resonance energy that is inconsistent with the DRAGON result.
Due to the existing inconsistency in resonance energy of the 23Mg(p, γ)24Al reaction, this research aims to assess the resonance properties of 23Mg(p, γ)24Al reaction by using an array of fast timing detectors for detecting γ- rays. This new measurement couples the DRAGON recoil separator to an optimized array of fast-timing LaBr, CeBr and BGO detectors. The ultra-fast timing properties of LaBr and CeBr will be used to measure the time between the origination of the pulsed 23Mg beam and the detection of the γ rays. This time difference will then be used to determine the position in the target at which the reaction occurred by the resonance timing technique. The precise determination of the resonance position will be converted into a precise measurement of the energy and strength of the resonance, thus resolving the discrepancy between existing measurements in the literature.
The newly determined reaction rate will be incorporated into nova simulation codes which will determine its impact on nucleosynthesis in classical novae. These calculations will be performed using the NuGRID nova post-processing code for a variety of nova models where the 23Mg(p, γ)24Al reaction is important.Speaker: Amanda Edwin (Saint Mary's University) -
10:20
Maeve Cockshutt: Using Cool-Bottom Processing in RGB and AGB stars to explain Isotopic Ratios in Presolar Grains 20m
Current stellar nucleosynthesis models fail to reproduce the measured
isotopic abundances in group 2 oxygen-rich presolar grains, which are
characterized by large 18O depletions. It was proposed that cool bottom
processing in low-mass AGB stars is responsible for the observed isotopic
abundances. We modeled cool-bottom processing during the RGB and the
AGB of 1.2M⊙ stars to predict surface 18O/16O, 17O/16O, and 26Al/27Al
ratios. In a 1.2M⊙ star effective secular mixing must work against the
steep mean molecular weight (μ) gradient at the bottom of the radiative
zone below the convective envelope to overcome a net increase in μ on
the order of 0.01% to recreate observed isotopic ratios. Sensitivity tests
in which 18O(p, α)15N and 16O(p, γ)17F were varied using reaction rate
of factors of 10/0.1 and 1.4/0.71 respectively suggest that nuclear physics
input is an important factor in model-grain comparison. This work shows
that a secular cool-bottom mixing model that preserves stratification is
a viable origin mechanism of the isotopic ratios observed in grains. We
will also present an analysis of the surface 26Mg/24Mg, and 25Mg/24Mg
ratios, 2M⊙ and 3M⊙ stars, and Monte Carlo impact studies on a range
of reactions using current experimental uncertainties.Speaker: Maeve Cockshutt (University of Victoria)
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Coffee Break 20m
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Morning: Student DayConveners: Mallory Loria (University of Victoria/TRIUMF), Stephanie Ciccone (University of Guelph)
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Manraj Shergill: Investigating the 38K(p,γ)39Ca Reaction Rate for Classical Novae 20m
This research investigates the 38K(p,γ) 39Ca reaction rate, a crucial process in classical novae nucleosynthesis. Classical novae, characterized by sudden brightness surges followed by fading, result from explosive hydrogen-rich material ignition on white dwarf stars. Notable discrepancies between observed and predicted abundances of Ca and Ar in nova ejecta underscore the necessity of accurate reaction rate determination. Previous studies identified this reaction rate’s significance in elemental production. Utilizing one-zone nova simulations, this study explores the impact of a newly measured resonance at 675 keV on reaction rates and elemental abundances. Methodologies include identifying the Gamow Peak and Window, applying quantum mechanical selection rules, calculating reaction rates and one-zone nova nucleosynthesis simulations for five different cases. Results reveal that it is possible that the 38K(p,γ) 39Ca reaction rate can account for the elemental discrepancies of Ar and Ca. This research emphasizes the importance of accurate reaction rates in resolving elemental abundance disparities and advancing our understanding of nucleosynthesis in classical novae.
Speaker: Manraj Shergill (McMaster University) -
11:20
Maude Larivière: Thallium-208 as a real-time signal for probing heavy element synthesis 20m
Understanding the formation of the heaviest elements has long been a pivotal inquiry and recent progress spurred by LIGO's detection of gravitational waves now lead us to examine kilonovae as crucial markers in unraveling the processes behind the synthesis of those elements. Notably, the emission spectra of MeV gamma rays could lead to strong insight in the identification of individual isotopes if specific lines can be associated to specific isotopes. For example, the 2.6 MeV gamma-ray emission line from thallium-208 has been well known in various branches of science, but it has never been pointed out as a potential real-time indicator of heavy element production in an astrophysical context. In this talk, I will show that Tl-208 could be detectable ~12 hours to ~10 days, and again ~1-20 years following a Galactic neutron star merger, implying that the r process in such events is capable of synthesizing elements such as lead and gold. In addition, I will discuss the implications of Tl-208 as a potential indicator of the synthesis of heavy elements via the i process in some types of AGB stars and rapidly accreting white dwarfs. This is a strong argument for the importance of future MeV telescope missions aiming to detect Galactic events, but that may also be able to reach nearby galaxies in the Local Group.
Speaker: Maude Larivière (UBC / TRIUMF)
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Lunch Break 1h
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Afternoon: Student DayConveners: Mallory Loria (University of Victoria/TRIUMF), Stephanie Ciccone (University of Guelph)
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A Q&A Panel with CaNPAN Experts 1h 30m
A panel to ask our CaNPAN experts any curious question about research, scientific writing, careers in this field, the academic community, and more!
Speakers: Chris Ruiz (TRIUMF), Falk Herwig (University of Victoria), Iris Dillmann (TRIUMF), Liliana Caballero (University of Guelph), Pavel Denissenkov (University of Victoria) -
14:30
Mallory Loria: Illuminating Nuclear Physics Uncertainties in Astrophysics With CaNPAN Tools 30m
Our framework, developed through the Canadian Nuclear Physics for Astrophysics Network (CaNPAN), is crucial for guiding nuclear astrophysics experiments. It has the capacity to identify key nuclear reactions responsible for element synthesis in various astrophysical phenomena. Notably, this framework has identified the 39K(p, 𝛾)40Ca and 38K(p, 𝛾)39Ca reactions as the most impactful for the production of calcium in novae. Additionally, the framework has been used to potentially determine the origin of pre-solar grains, constrained by existing nuclear physics uncertainties, and if they are products of intermediate neutron capture (i-process) nucleosynthesis. The results presented affirm the efficacy of the CaNPAN toolkit in identifying these areas of uncertainties for which experimental answers are needed. This research has substantial implications for experimental pursuits, like the measurement of the 38K(p, 𝛾)39Ca reaction done at TRIUMF.
Speaker: Mallory Loria (University of Victoria/TRIUMF) -
15:00
Stephanie Ciccone: An Exploration of La, Ba, Eu Ratios from r-process candidate sites 30m
Neutron star mergers are an ideal environment for rapid (r-process) neutron captures to take place that lead to the production of neutron-rich nuclei far from the valley of stability. This is one encouraging site to investigate for where abundances of the heaviest elements in our Solar System and beyond are thought to have come from. We explored the r-process regime in mergers through the testing of various mass models, fission yields, and astrophysical conditions; covering several distinct hydrodynamic simulations, some of which make use of more than 1000 tracer particles. We considered elemental abundance ratios involving the key indicators Barium, Lanthanum, and Europium, ultimately aiming to investigate the spread in these ratios that the r-process can accommodate, with current conclusions discussed here. Further, we compared to stellar data, drawn from literature results compiled by JINAbase, for metal-poor stars. This work has allowed us to gain a better understanding about the production of elemental abundances in the universe and to further test the expected bounds of known nucleosynthesis process regimes.
Speaker: Stephanie Ciccone (University of Guelph)
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Coffee Break 30m
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Afternoon: Student DayConveners: Mallory Loria (University of Victoria/TRIUMF), Stephanie Ciccone (University of Guelph)
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Relaxing Student Hangout 1h
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END OF DAY 10m
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Morning: Day 2
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Nuclear Astrophysics Experimental Facilities at ISAC 30m
An overview of experimental nuclear physics facilities at ISAC. Aimed at the CaNPAN students, I'll provide a brief intro to the subject of measurement of nuclear observables relevant to astrophysics, before a virtual tour of the ISAC facilities and how they enable these measurements with exotic radioactive beams from the ISAC facility. In the afternoon, attendees will get to see the facilities first hand.
Speaker: Chris Ruiz (TRIUMF) -
09:30
Radiative Capture on a Nuclear Isomer: 26mAl(p,g)27Si 20m
"In explosive astrophysical environments, such as novae, supernovae and neutron star mergers, a significant fraction of atomic nuclei are expected to exist in excited quantum states. These elevated levels participate in nucleosynthesis much in the same way as nuclear ground states and, as such, play an essential role in determining the abundance of chemical elements in our Galaxy.
In this contribution, I present the first direct measurement of an astrophysical reaction using a radioactive beam of isomeric nuclei, performed with the DRAGON recoil separator at TRIUMF. In particular, we have measured the strength of the key 447-keV resonance in the 26mAl(p,γ)27Si reaction to be 432+146−226 meV and find that this resonance dominates the thermally averaged reaction rate for temperatures between 0.3 and 2.5 GK. This work represents a critical development in resolving one of the longest standing issues in nuclear astrophysics research, relating to the measurement of proton capture reactions on excited quantum levels, and offers unique insight into the destruction of isomeric 26Al in astrophysical plasmas."
Speaker: Annika Lennarz (TRIUMF) -
09:50
86Kr(α,n)89Sr and the weak r-process 20m
The r-process is responsible for half of all heavier-than-iron elements in the universe today.
However, while models have been able to reproduce the abundance distributions of the
heaviest elements observed in ultra-metal poor stars, intermediate-mass elements (36 < Z < 47) have been observed to be more abundant than expected from model predictions. The weak r-process in early core-collapse supernovae has been proposed as an additional source of intermediate-mass elements [1]. Significant uncertainties in abundance predictions from simulations of the weak r-process have their origins in the choice of the α-Optical Model Potential used in Hauser-Feshbach calculations for the cross section of (α,n) reactions. In order to reduce the uncertainties of model predictions for the weak r-process, it is necessary to measure the cross sections of (α,n) reactions on intermediate mass elements.The cross section of the reaction 86Kr(α,n) 89Sr was identified as a priority to measure [2]. As such, a study has been conducted at the TRIUMF/ISAC facility using the EMMA recoil mass spectrometer and the TIGRESS gamma-ray spectrometer to do just that at energies relevant to the weak r-process. Partial cross sections from the 86Kr(α,n) 89Sr reaction shall be reported.
[1] Bliss et al. (2017) J. Phys. G: Nuclear. Part. Phys. 44 054003.
[2] Bliss et al. (2020) Phys. Rev. C. 101 055807.
Speaker: Cameron Angus (TRIUMF) -
10:10
(*R) The 22Ne(a,n) Reaction at DRAGON 20m
Almost half of the elements heavier than iron are believed to be produced in the r-process. It is now understood that one r-process sight is neutron star mergers. However, observations suggest the r-process must be occurring in addition sights. One possibility is core-collapse supernovae, which are predicted to be driven by the weak r-process, in which heavy elements are produced by a series of (α,n) reactions. A sensitivity study by Bliss et al. has identified several (α,n) reactions that significantly impact the production of lighter heavy elements in the weak r-process [1].
The DEMAND array has been developed to study such (α,n) reactions directly at DRAGON. This array consists of eight organic glass scintillator detectors. The DEMAND array was used to study the 22Ne(α,n)25Mg reaction as a proof-of-principle experiment. This reaction was selected as it is known to have several strong resonances [2], making it an ideal test case for this new technique. Preliminary results are presented in this talk, highlighting the detectors' excellent pulse shape discrimination capabilities and proving the feasibility of this new method.
[1] J. Bliss et al., Phys. Rev. C 101, 055807 (2020)
[2] M. Jaeger et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 20 (2001)Speaker: Ben Reed (TRIUMF/SMU)
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Coffee Break 30m
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Morning: Day 2
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The 7Be(a,g) reaction and the neutrino-p process 20m
The nu-p process has been proposed to happen in the neutrino-driven winds of core-collapse supernovae, and its nucleosynthesis may help explain the origin of several p-process elements. This nucleosynthesis has been shown in reaction sensitivity studies to be affected by the 7Be(alpha, gamma)11C reaction rate. This presentation will discuss a measurement of 7Be(alpha, gamma) resonance strengths for the nu-p process, using the DRAGON recoil separator.
Speaker: Alan Chen (McMaster) -
11:20
Commissioning of SHARC-II at EMMA to measure the impact of isomeric states in nova explosions 20m
Nuclear reactions play a pivotal role in the understanding of astrophysical phenomena, providing key insights into the processes occurring within stars, supernovae, and other celestial bodies. Especially experiments with radioactive isotope beams (RIB) in inverse kinematics are a vital tool to get direct information on cross-sections of astrophysical important nuclear reactions with quickly decaying or metastable isotopes. Since in inverse kinematics the heavy recoil is boosted forward in the direction of the unreacted beam, recoil mass spectrometers have emerged as valuable tools in the field of nuclear astrophysics with RIB. They allow precise measurements of reaction cross-sections and enable a deeper comprehension of the nuclear reactions essential for stellar nucleosynthesis.
The EMMA (Electro-Magnetic Mass Analyzer) recoil mass spectrometer, located at TRIUMF, is renowned for its unique design and exceptional performance. The presentation will highlight key features of EMMA and focus on the commissioning of the new target chamber SHARC-II. The new setup combines EMMA’s unique advantages with prompt ejectile detection and the highly efficient gamma spectroscopy array TIGRESS. This way we can harness the full potential of RIB experiments and unravel the intricacies of stellar processes.Speaker: Dr Louis Wagner (TRIUMF) -
11:40
Bound-state beta-decay of 205Tl and its impact on s-process nucleosynthesis 20m
Lead-205 initially looks like a very promising candidate to be used as a chronometer for the early Solar System due to its unique position among astrophysically short-lived radionuclides as an s-only isotope probing the termination of the s process [1]. Unfortunately, the 2.3 keV 1/2− first excited state in 205Pb reduces the half-life in stellar environments by around 6 orders of magnitude, which could severely inhibit 205Pb production. However, Yokoi et. al. [2] pointed out that the bound-state β decay of 205Tl could counter- balance this decay by producing 205Pb. To clarify the complex production of 205Pb, we measured the bound-state β decay of 205Tl81+ at the Experimental Storage Ring in GSI, Darmstadt. From the measured half-life, we calculated new weak decay rates for a wide range of astrophysical conditions. AGB stellar nucleosynthesis models based on these new rates saw approximately a factor 2 increase in 205Pb production (when legacy rates were controlled). With new production ratios, we predicted an updated steady-state interstellar medium (ISM) 205Pb/204Pb ratio. By comparing the ISM ratio to the ratio measured in the earliest meteorites, we derived, for the first time, a positive time interval for the isolation period of the solar material from enrichment. Our new results are also consistent with other s-process chronometers.
Speaker: Guy Leckenby (TRIUMF)
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Lunch Break 1h
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Afternoon: Afternoon 1
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Neutron Capture in Inverse Kinematics 20m
Virtually all of the isotopes heavier than iron would not exist without neutron-induced reactions. Despite there importance in many different astrophysical scenarios, there are almost no direct measurements for isotopes with half-lives shorter than a few years. A radically new approach is necessary to overcome this constraint.
Ion storage rings offer unprecedented possibilities to investigate radioactive isotopes of astrophysical importance in inverse kinematics. During the last years, a series of pioneering experiments proofed the feasibility of this concept for the fusion of charged paricles at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI. In the future, a combination of a free-neutron target and an ion storage ring can bring the half-life limit for direct neutron-induced reactions down to fractions of a minute.
I will review different astrophysical scenarios, status of current experiments as well as prospects of this new experimental endeavor.
Speaker: Reifarth Rene (LANL) -
13:20
Discussion 20m
Open time for discussion
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Break 20m
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TRIUMF Colloquium (open to the whole lab): Pavel Denissenkov
Most of the trans-iron elements in the Solar System were produced in the slow (s-) and rapid (r-) neutron-capture processes in stars and their explosions, which are both relatively well studied. On the other hand, abundances of heavy elements and their isotopes measured in some of the so-called carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars and presolar dust grains can be better explained as a result of i-process nucleosynthesis that occurred at neutron densities intermediate between those
characteristic for the s- and r-processes. The most likely site of the i process is a helium convective zone that entrains hydrogen from an adjacent H-rich envelope. This may happen in rapidly-accreting white dwarfs (RAWDs) in close binary systems, like those considered to lead to Supernova Ia explosions in the single-degenerate channel, or in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars at low metallicities.
I will present and compare results of numerical simulations of i-process nucleosynthesis in a simple
one-zone model for a range of constant neutron densities as well as in more realistic multi-zone models of RAWDs and AGB stars. The abundances of heavy elements and their isotopes obtained in those models will be compared with elemental and isotopic abundance ratios measured in CEMP stars and presolar dust grains. On the chart of nuclides the i process path extends from 3 to 8 isotopes beyond the valley of stability, for most of which only theoretical neutron-capture reaction rates computed using the Hauser-Feshbach method are available. Uncertainties of these rates are likely to be responsible for some discrepancies between the predicted and observed abundances. Which of these uncertainties may have the strongest impact on the predicted abundances of selected elements and isotopes can be revealed in Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, in which all rates are varied within their limits estimated from Hauser-Feshbach computations, followed by a statistical analysis of their results. I will present and compare results of such MC simulations and their analysis obtained for the one- and multi-zone models of i-process nucleosynthesis, in particular an updated list of reactions whose rates need to be constrained experimentally and their uncertainties reduced for the predicted abundances to better agree with the observed ones.
Finally, I will advertise the CaNPAN i-process computational tools that can be used to conduct reaction rate uncertainty studies for one-zone nucleosynthesis models. -
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TRIUMF Tour
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Morning
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Welcome 15mSpeaker: Falk Herwig (University of Victoria)
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Nuclear physics and r-process observables 40m
Our understanding of the formation of the heaviest elements via rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis is built up through the detection and analysis of a variety of astrophysical observables: isotopic and elemental abundance patterns, electromagnetic signatures, and radioisotopes. The interpretation of each type of observable is complicated by the unknown nuclear physics of the thousands of neutron-rich species that participate in the r-process. Here we will describe a few examples of how r-process observables can be exploited to provide clues as to the nature of r-process site(s) of production, and note how current and upcoming experiments at radioactive beam facilities can provide crucial data and fresh insight.
Speaker: Rebecca Surman (University of Notre Dame) -
09:55
Illuminating astrophysical actinide production using MeV gamma-rays and metal-poor stars 25m
Fingerprints of the properties of exotic nuclei on nucleosynthesis observables have been used for decades to frame our picture of how the heaviest elements in our Solar System came to be. The abundance of elements in our Sun, as well as nearby metal-poor stars, hints at multiple neutron capture nucleosynthesis processes, the slow (s), intermediate (i) and rapid (r) neutron capture processes. While the s-process terminates its heavy element production at Pb-208, we know that the r-process or i-process must be capable of going beyond since we observe long-lived actinides like U-238 in stars and traces of Cm-247 in meteorites. However which astrophysical site(s) are responsible for actinide production, and how heavy of actinides ultimately can be produced, remains unclear. Utilizing metal-poor stars rich in r-process elements, we show that signatures of fission fragments of isotopes with A~260 can be observed. Then, utilizing MeV gamma-rays, we show that a 2.6 MeV emission line of Tl-208 could be used to hunt locally for in situ neutron capture nucleosynthesis, from both i-process and r-process sources. I will also discuss the opportunity to refine our understanding through measurements at radioactive isotope beam facilities in the near future, such as constraints on neutron captures along the Tl isotopic chain. It is via studies such as these, which work to combine the current picture of leading astrophysical candidates with carefully considered nuclear data, that the big picture of heavy element origins can be teased out.
Speaker: Nicole Vassh (TRIUMF) -
10:20
Capture of degenerate neutrons 25m
Neutron stars, accreting matter from a companion, contribute to the inventory of systems that can be explored through multimessenger astronomy. As the accreted matter interacts with ions in the neutron star atmosphere and crust, it triggers nuclear reactions, generating X-rays, p-nuclei, and potentially gravitational wave emissions. Gravity draws the newly synthesized nuclei into deeper layers where neutrons are degenerate. In this talk, I will discuss the role of neutron degeneracy in radiative neutron capture rates, as well as the sensitivity of these degenerate rates to nuclear physics input.
Speaker: Liliana Caballero Suarez (University of Guelph)
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Coffee Break 30m
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Morning
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On possible observational signatures of i-process nucleosynthesis in presolar dust grains 25m
Multiple signatures of nucleosynthesis in asymptotic giant branch stars, classical novae, and supernovae have been revealed by analyzing CNO, Al, S, Ca, Ti, Ba, and other isotopic abundance ratios in presolar dust grains. I will show that in some grains the measured Zr, Mo, and Ru isotopic ratios can be interpreted as possible signatures of i-process nucleosynthesis.
Speaker: Pavel Denissenkov (University of Victoria) -
11:40
(*R) Mass Ejection from Neutron Star Mergers 25m
The coalescence of neutron stars, either among themselves or with black holes, generates significant gravitational and electromagnetic waves, and is a key site for r-process element production. The ejection of mass during and after these mergers shapes the heavy element yield and electromagnetic signal, involving a complex interplay of processes and dependencies. This talk will provide an overview of the various mechanisms of mass ejection and their impact on r-process production and electromagnetic emission.
Speaker: Rodrigo Fernandez (University of Alberta)
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Lunch Break 1h 15m
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Afternoon
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New discoveries with gravitational-wave astrophysics 25m
In the last six years, the field of gravitational wave astrophysics has grown from a groundbreaking first discovery to revealing new populations of black holes and neutron stars through distant cosmic collisions, which has provided new insights into extreme spacetime curvatures, cosmology, and ultra-dense matter as well as the origin of heavy elements. I'll give an overview of the current Advanced LIGO detectors and summarize recent results from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network and their wide-reaching implications. I'll close with prospects for the future of multi-messenger astrophysics with gravitational wave detectors on Earth and in space.
Speaker: Jess McIver (UBC) -
13:55
(*R) Cosmic collisions: nuclear astrophysics with gravitational waves 25m
Multimessenger observations of GW170817 indicate that binary neutron star (BNS) mergers are sites for rapid neutron-capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis. However, it remains an open question whether BNS mergers can account for all the r-process element enrichment in the Milky Way's history. I will discuss what GW170817 and subsequent gravitational-wave observations are teaching us about the neutron star population and the properties of ultra-dense matter, and what this implies for BNS mergers' contribution to the chemical evolution of the Galaxy.
Speaker: Phil Landry (CITA) -
14:20
(*R) Gravitational Laboratories for Nuclear Physics 25m
The structure of neutron stars provides a unique way to probe two fundamental physical interactions: gravity and the strong nuclear force. I will review our current understanding of the macroscopic properties of neutron stars and discuss associated constraints on microscopic phenomenology, including the presence of strong phase transitions. Time permitting, I will also discuss how well we can distinguish neutron stars from black holes within gravitational-wave signals from coalescing compact binaries.
Speaker: Reed Essick (CITA) -
14:45
Discussion with coffee 30m
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End of workshop 5m
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